All Course Topics

Planning and development practices that enhance biodiversity, reduce urban heat islands, and integrate seamlessly with the natural environment.

Standardized agreements to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined future date and price, commonly used for hedging or speculation.

Financial instruments that give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an asset at a set price before a specific date.

Agreements to exchange cash flows or other financial instruments between two parties, often used to manage exposure to fluctuations in interest rates or currencies.

Techniques that use derivatives to offset potential losses in investments by taking opposite positions in related markets.

Mathematical models, such as the Black-Scholes model, used to determine the fair value of derivative products.

This ratio measures the percentage of earnings distributed as dividends and reflects a company's dividend policy and sustainability.

A program that allows shareholders to reinvest their cash dividends into additional shares of the company, promoting growth and shareholder loyalty.

This theory posits that dividend changes are signals from management about the company's future prospects and earnings potential, affecting investor perception.

Understanding how different tax treatments on dividends versus capital gains influence a firm's dividend policy and attract various types of investors.

The tendency of a company to attract investors whose dividend preferences align with its dividend policy, impacting stock price and investor base stability.

The process by which a private company offers shares to the public for the first time to raise capital.